Marty Lederman over at Balkinization has posted the language of the "compromise" reached by the "Senators Three" and the White House. I may not be a lawyer, but it doesn't look like the "principled opposition" got anything-- the President evidently can interpret the Geneva Conventions anyway he wants, the "program" (ie. torture) goes forward with the blessings of Congress and "deal-breaker" items like the provision allowing suspects access to classified evidence against them and oversight of the use of coerced testimony will probably be stricken in conference committee deliberations on the bill or purposely ignored by Presidential signing statement. Brilliant how this sort of thing happens over and over but the storyline is the same when you open the morning newspaper. Check out Marty's analysis here and prepare yourself for his conclusion that we will become the first nation to legislate active violation of the Geneva Conventions.
AGREEMENT UPON COMMON ARTICLE 3SEC. 7. TREATY OBLIGATIONS NOT ESTABLISHING GROUNDS FOR CERTAIN CLAIMS.(a) IN GENERAL. No person may invoke the Geneva Conventions orany protocols thereto in any habeas or civil action or proceeding towhich the United States, or a current or former officer, employee,member of the Armed Forces, or other agent of the United States, is apartyas a source of rights, in any court of the United States or itsStates or territories.(b) GENEVA CONVENTIONS DEFINED. In this section, the term "GenevaConventions" means(1) the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of theWounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, done at Geneva August 12,1949 (6 UST 3217);(2) the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of theWounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of the Armed Forces at Sea, doneat Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3217);(3) the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316); and(4) the Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Personsin Time of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3516).SEC. 8. IMPLEMENTATION OF TREATY OBLIGATIONS.(a)(1) IN GENERAL. The acts enumerated in subsection 2441(d) oftitle 18, United States Code, as amended by subsection (b) of thissection, and in subsection (c) of this section, constitute violations ofCommon Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions prohibited by United Stateslaw.(2) PROHIBITION ON GRAVE BREACHES. The provisions in section 2441of title 18, United States Code, as amended by this section, fullysatisfy the obligation under Article 129 of the Third Geneva Conventionfor the United States to provide effective penal sanctions for gravebreaches which are encompassed in Common Article 3 in the context of anarmed conflict not of an international character. No foreign orinternational sources of law shall supply a basis for a rule of decisionin the courts of the United States in interpreting the prohibitionsenumerated in subsection 2441(d).(3)INTERPRETATION BY THE PRESIDENT. (A) As provided by theConstitution and by this section, the President has the authority for theUnited States to interpret the meaning and application of the GenevaConventions and to promulgatehigher standards and administrativeregulations for violations of treaty obligations which are not gravebreaches of the Geneva Conventions.(B) The President shall issue such interpretations by ExecutiveOrder published in the Federal Register, and such orders shall beauthoritative (as to non-grave breach provisions) as a matter of UnitedStates law, in the same manner as other administrative regulations.(C) Nothing in this section shall affect the constitutionalfunctions and responsibilities of Congress and the judicial branch ofthe United States.(b)REVISION TO WAR CRIMES OFFENSE UNDER FEDERAL CRIMINAL CODE. (1)Section 2441 of title 18, United States Code, is amended(A) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (3) andinserting the following new paragraph (3):(3) which constitutes a grave breach of Common Article 3 asdefined in subsection (d) when committed in the context of and inassociation with an armed conflict not of an internationalcharacter; or;(B) by adding at the end the following new subsection:(d) COMMON ARTICLE 3 VIOLATIONS.(1) PROHIBITED CONDUCT.—In subsection (c)(3), the term˜grave breach of Common Article 3" means any conduct (such conductconstituting a grave breach of common Article 3 of theinternational conventions does at Geneva August 12, 1949), asfollows:(A) TORTURE. The act of a person who commits, orconspires or attempts to commit, an act specificallyintended to inflict severe physical or mental pain orsuffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawfulsanctions) upon another person within his custody orphysical control for the purpose of obtaining information ora confession, punishment, intimidation, coercion, or anyreason based on discrimination of any kind.(B) CRUEL OR INHUMAN TREATMENT. The act of a personwho commits, or conspires or attempts to commit, an actintended to inflict severe or serious physical or mentalpain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidentalto lawful sanctions), including seriousphysical abuse, uponanother within his custody or control.(C) PERFORMING BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS. The act of aperson who subjects, or conspires or attempts to subject,one or more persons within his custody or physical controlto biological experiments without a legitimate medical ordental purpose and in so doing endangers the body or healthof such person or persons.(D) MURDER. The act of a person who intentionallykills, or conspires or attempts to kill, or kills whetherintentionally or unintentionally in the course of committingany other offense under this section, one or more personstaking no active part in the hostilities, including thoseplaced out of combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or anyother cause.(E) MUTILATION OR MAIMING. The act of a person whointentionally injures, or conspires or attempts to injure,or injures whether intentionally or unintentionally in thecourse of committing any other offense under this section,one or more persons taking no active part in thehostilities, including those placed out of combat bysickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, bydisfiguring the person or persons by any mutilation thereofor by permanently disabling any member, limb, or organ ofhis body, without any legitimate medical or dental purpose.(F) INTENTIONALLY CAUSING SERIOUS BODILY INJURY. Theact of a person who intentionally causes, or conspires orattempts to cause, serious bodily injury to one or morepersons, including lawful combatants, in violation of thelaw of war.(G) RAPE. The act of a person who forcibly or withcoercion or threat of force wrongfully invades, or conspiresor attempts to invade, the body of a person by penetrating,however slightly, the anal or genital opening of the victimwith any part of the body of the accused, or with anyforeign object.(H) SEXUAL ASSAULT OR ABUSE. The act of a person whoforcibly or with coercion or threat of force engages, orconspires or attempts to engage, in sexual contact with oneor more persons, or causes, or conspires or attempts tocause, one or more persons to engage in sexual contact.(I) TAKING HOSTAGES. The act of a person who, havingknowingly seized or detained one or more persons, threatensto kill, injure, or continue to detain such person orpersons with the intent of compelling any nation, personother than the hostage, or group of persons to act orrefrain from acting as an explicit or implicit condition forthe safety or release of such person or persons.(2) DEFINITIONS. In the case of an offense under subsection(a) by reason of subsection (c)(3)(A) the term ˜severe mental pain or suffering" shallbe applied for purposes of paragraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B) inaccordance with the meaning given that term in section2340(2) of this title.(B) the term ˜serious bodily injury" shall be appliedfor purposes of paragraph (1)(F) in accordance with themeaning given that term in section 113(b)(2) of this title.(C) the term ˜sexual contact" shall be applied forpurposes of paragraph (1)(G) in accordance with the meaninggiven that term in section 2246(3) of this title.(D) the term ˜serious physical pain or sufferingmeans bodily injuryt that involves(1) a substantial risk of death;(2) extreme physical pain;(3) a burn or physical disfigurement of a seriousnature, not to include cuts, abrasions, or bruises; or(4) significant loss or impairment of the functionof a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty.(E) the term ˜serious mental pain or suffering" shall have the same meaning as ˜severe mental pain or suffering" as such term is defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2340(2), except that the term "serious" shall replace the term "severe" where it appears in such definition, and except that, as to conduct occurring following the date of enactment of the Military Commission Act of 2006, the term "serious and non-transitory mental harm (which need not be prolonged)" shall replace the term "prolonged mental harm" in such definition.(3) INAPPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COLLATERAL DAMAGE OR INCIDENT OF LAWFUL ATTACK. The intentspecified for the conduct stated in subparagraphs (D), (E), and(F) or paragraph (1) precludes the applicability of thosesubparagraphs to an offense under subsection (a) by reasons ofsubsection (c)(3) with respect to(A) collateral damage; or(B) death, damage, or injury incident to a lawfulattack.(4) INAPPLICABILITY OF TAKING HOSTAGES TO PRISONEREXCHANGE. Paragraph (1)(I) does not apply to an offense undersubsection (a) by reason of subsection (c)(3) in the case of aprisoner exchange during wartime.(2) RETROACTIVE APPLICABILITY. The amendments made by thissection, except as specified in paragraph 2441(d)(2)(E) of title 10,United States Code, shall take effect as of November 26, 1997, as ifenacted immediately after the amendments made by section 583 of PublicLaw 105-118 (as amended by section 4002 of Public Law 107-273).(c)ADDITIONAL PROHIBITION ON CRUEL, INHUMAN, OR DEGRADING TREATMENT ORPUNISHMENT. (1) IN GENERAL. No individual in the custody or under the physicalcontrol of the United States Government, regardless of nationality orphysical location, shall be subject to cruel, inhuman, or degradingtreatment or punishment.(2) CRUEL, INHUMAN, OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT DEFINED. The term "cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment" in this subsection shall mean the cruel, unusual, and inhumane treatment or punishment prohibited by the Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, as defined in the United States Reservations, Declarations and Understandings to the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment done at New York, December 10, 1984. (3) The President shall take action to ensure compliance with thissubsection, including through the establishment of administrative rulesand procedures.
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